History and Culture Display of Chengdu/Ancient Times consists of four parts, they are Chengdu in Pre-Qin Times, Chengdu from Qin to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Chengdu from Song to Yuan Dynasties, and Chengdu in Ming and Qing Dynasties. 

Since around halfway through the 19^th century, China has witnessed unprecedented changes in its society, and Chengdu has contributed much to it. As an important source of the Railway Protection Movement, a strategic base at the rear area for anti-Japanese war, and a major battlefield for Southwest China liberation, Chengdu has cemented its place in the 20^th century of China’s modern history.  

The long course of urban civilization nurtures the unique temperament and spirit of Chengdu people. Their great tolerance and relaxed attitude towards life has accumulated over generations, condensed into the city and manifested in its delicacies and teas. 

Chinese shadow play is a kind of folk art with time-honored history and rich cultural connotations. It boasts the essences of traditional appearance and performance, and is a major representative of China’s oral and intangible cultural heritage. Rising from the fertile soil of traditional Chinese culture, bathing in changes across millennia, it has made itself into a legend that casts its shadow far beyond China. By virtue of exquisite appearance, consummate skills, pleasant voices, and abundant stories, Chinese shadow plays show unfading charm among performing arts all over the world. 

The exhibition Puppetry of China is located on the fifth floor’s north side. Covering an area of over 400 square meters, it displays more than 200 pieces. Tracing the history of Chinese puppetry, the exhibition focuses on the distribution and characteristics of marionette shows, rod puppet shows, iron branch puppet shows, glove puppet shows, shoulder pole puppet shows, and more, and tells the development history of puppet performances and formative arts and stories about creators and performing artists who contributed to puppetry inheritance and innovation. 

Man and Nature: Donations from Kenneth E. Behring is the first permanent exhibition that features nature since Chengdu Museum's establishment. It displays over 300 animal specimens, presenting the characteristics of and stories behind diversified animals and ecosystems around the world, to elaborate the connection between humans and nature.